make的注释和原型

// The make built-in function allocates and initializes an object of type
// slice, map, or chan (only). Like new, the first argument is a type, not a
// value. Unlike new, make's return type is the same as the type of its
// argument, not a pointer to it. The specification of the result depends on
// the type:
//	Slice: The size specifies the length. The capacity of the slice is
//	equal to its length. A second integer argument may be provided to
//	specify a different capacity; it must be no smaller than the
//	length. For example, make([]int, 0, 10) allocates an underlying array
//	of size 10 and returns a slice of length 0 and capacity 10 that is
//	backed by this underlying array.
//	Map: An empty map is allocated with enough space to hold the
//	specified number of elements. The size may be omitted, in which case
//	a small starting size is allocated.
//	Channel: The channel's buffer is initialized with the specified
//	buffer capacity. If zero, or the size is omitted, the channel is
//	unbuffered.
func make(t Type, size ...IntegerType) Type

new的原型和注释

// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,
// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly
// allocated zero value of that type.
func new(Type) *Type

用 new 分配内存，内建函数 new 本质上说跟其他语言中的同名函数功能一样：new(T) 分配了零值填充的 T 类型的内存空间，并且返回其地址，一个 *T 类型的值。用 Go 的术语说，它返回了一个指针，指向新分配的类型 T 的零值。

make 仅适用于 map，slice 和 channel，并且返回的不是指针。这三种类型就是引用类型，所以就没有必要返回他们的指针了。因为这三种类型是引用类型，所以必须得初始化。

区别示例代码块

package main
import "fmt"

type Vertex struct {
        X, Y float64
} 
func main() {
    rect1 := new(Vertex)
    rect2 := &Vertex{1, 2}
    fmt.Printf("%v  %T  %v \n",  rect1,  rect1,  *rect1)
    fmt.Printf("%v  %T  %v \n",  rect2,  rect2,  *rect2)

    rect3 := Vertex{X: 5, Y: 6}
    fmt.Printf("%v  %T\n",  rect3,  rect3)

}

输出结果：

&{0 0}  *main.Vertex  {0 0} 
&{1 2}  *main.Vertex  {1 2} 
{5 6}  main.Vertex

new的作用是初始化一个指向类型的指针(*T)，make 的作用是为 slice，map 或 chan 初始化并返回引用(T)。